III. From Flat Material to Volume: Folded Paper

Low relief: sculptural relief that projects very little from the background.

"Creation of Adam and Eve" by Lorenzo Ghiberti

"Helena Rising Cast Paper Sculpture" by Dario Campanile

"Untitled" by Carlos Meira

"Secrets Cast Paper Sculpture" by Frank Gallo

"Divine Family" by Chidi Okoye




High relief: modeled form that substantially projects from the background.

"A young Child and a baby in a wicker crib" by Antonio Tantardini

"Madonna and Child" by Luca della Robbia

"Untitled" by Nathan Sawaya

"Draped Reclining Mother and Baby" by Henry Moore

"Landmark of Breastfeeding" by Daniel Edwards




primary: outline of a figure, body, or mass.

"Woody Aleen" by Lisa Fedon

"Echo 2007" by Zachary Eastwood-Bloom

"untitled" by Celia Smith

"The Artist" by Steve Lohman

"Lounge Singer" by Steve Lohman




secondary contours: lines developed from outer boundaries of a piece.

"Wrapped Night Table" by Christo

"Wild Dog 6" by Yon Ho Ji

"Wrapped Vespa" by Christo

"Package 1961" by Christo

"Horse" by Bryan Tedrick




volume: amount of 3 dimensional space occupied by an object.

"Float 6" by Michael Gard

"The Singing Ringing Tree" by Tonkin Liu

"Mirror Sculpture" by Michel De Broin

"Infinity" by Nathan Sawaya

"Creation" by John Robinson




activated space: space that contains an object, value, depth, or anything that is not plain white untouched space.

"Untitled" by Joshua Allen Harris

"Little People" by Sinkachu

Mark Jenkins

"Cold Dark Matter" by Cornelia Parker